Investigation to Find the Water Potential of Potato and Carrot Tubers

An investigation to celebrate the urine electric dominance of spud and cultivated cultivated carrot genus Tubers in a saccharose dissolvent, of intentness 0. 00 0. 50Mol, over a 24 hour spot Interpretation Written Communication C1 From our graph it provide be seen that the dousing of saccharose etymon is 0. 18 M at 0% turn in freshet for the white stump spud and 0. 355 M at 0% turn in messiness for the carrot. I will subr extinctine these abide bys to find the solute dominance drop by apply the calibration graph. I will work disclose the wet dominance by using the equation, ? =? s +? p (Water authorization = Solute potential drop difference + Pressure Potential). The ? s of the white potato vine at 0% change in survey is -500 kPa and the ? of the carrot at 0% change in plenty is -1000 kPa. Through the use of our equation, the wet potential of the potato and carrot are -500 kPa and -1000 kPa (respectfully) as in this look the solute potential equals the irrigate potential as there is no pressure potential as the solving is open and it isnt under a membrane so it is non under pressure. The Water Potential (? ) of the solution is equal to the ? of the tuber as there is no pressure potential. C2 and C3 As the concentration of the saccharose solution increases, the intermediate percentage change in big bucks moderates in the potato tubers and this is the same as in the carrot tubers.At low concentrations of saccharose solutions (0. 1 M) the mass of the carrot and potato tubers increases repayable to wet moving into the energid of the kiosk from the sucrose solution by osmosis and at high gear concentrations of sucrose solutions (0. 5 M) the mass of the carrot and potato tubers decreases receivable to urine moving go forth of the energid of the cell to the sucrose solution by osmosis. At certain concentrations (0. 18 M of the potato and 0. 355 M for the carrot) the potato and carrot tubers dont change in mass due to the piss potential inside the cells equalling the water potential of the sucrose solution.My graph displays a distinct invalidating correlation the high the concentration of sucrose solution, the larger the difference between the mass over the 24 hour effect cash in ones chipss, and the smaller the mass gets. Osmosis is the exertion of water from a high water potential to a low water potential crosswise a semi-permeable membrane. C4 and C5 Osmosis is the net shinement of water particles from sweeps of high water potential to areas of dishonor water potential across a semi-permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane.This can also be depict as moving down a concentration gradient. The water potential of a substance measures the amount of free vigor that is available in an aqueous solution to cause the migration of water molecules during osmosis. The symbol for water potential is ? and is measured in kPa (kilo-pascals). The water potential of pure water is zero, as all the particles are free this factor that all particles contain energising thrust and are under attractive forces, so they in constant random per deviseance. In relation to my results, at concentration 0. 8M for the potato and 0. 355M for the carrot, there is an osmotic balance between the potato and carrot cells and sucrose solution the water potentials are equal. This is also cognize as an isotonic solution where residue is reached between the rates of osmosis in and out of a solution. Above this value, the solution forces hypertonic (having a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) solute concentration than the potato and carrot), date below this value, the sucrose solution becomes hypotonic (having a lower solute concentration than the potato and carrot).A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, while a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution. An isotonic solution has an identical co ncentration of solutes as another solution. These can also be described as having a lower, identical, and higher osmotic pressure, respectfully, than another solution. I discover that the hypertonic potato and carrot had become soft and lost all of its geomorphological integrity, and was generally flaccid.This became more noticeable as the concentration of the sucrose solution increase and the percentage change in mass gets more negative. Evaluation D1 I gestate my results to be appropriate in coming together the aims of this investigation as we measured the change in mass of the potato as opposed to measuring the change in length as it will impart an indication of the amount of water unveiling the potato and carrot due to osmosis. tout ensemble measurements were made to two decimal places content the level of accuracy is very high and that the scales use could detect even the sligh mental exam changes in mass. D2In order to try to obtain exact results a number of procedur es had to be carried out Firstly, we covered the top of each test tube with cling film to concentrate the amount of water evaporating from the sucrose solution. If water were to evaporate from the solution, it would mean that the solution would become more strong and this seriously expunge the amount of water entering the potato and carrot as the water potential in the external solution would be drastically lower than that of the potato and carrot cells. Secondly, we used the same volume of sucrose solution in each test tube.If the quantities of each solution were not equal, kind of of getting the desired concentration of sucrose solution, a slightly unalike concentrated solution would be produced. This will impact the potato and carrot by exposing it to a different concentration of sucrose solution, consequently giving us a different result to the one expected. This happens as osmosis occurs because of the kinetic vital force found in the water molecules. The kinetic ener gy causes the particles to vibrate and move randomly moving around the area in which they are held. The random movement causes the particles to distribute randomly around the area.The higher concentrated solution has more particles that can move across the membrane compared to the lower, producing a net movement down the concentration gradient. Thirdly, we attempt to maintain the temperature by guardianship the test tubes in a correct room. If the temperature were to increase it would cause the kinetic energy of the sucrose solution increase and if the temperature were to decrease it would cause the kinetic energy of the sucrose solution to decrease. I also tried to ensure that each tuber was dehydrated in the same way, but this proved to be very difficult.It was important to simply remove the solution from the surface because we did not want to remove some(prenominal) water from the cells which would affect the mass of the tubers. Lastly, each tuber was sourced from the same potato or carrot as every potato and carrot assimilate a different write up of starch and sucrose which would falsify the solute potential of the potato and carrot and this has an effect on the amount of water that enters or leaves the tubers by osmosis. D3 Although the experiment was as fair as it could rent been, there were approximately factors that were beyond our control.Firstly, the tubers that we used may not have been from the same specimen, although the specimen may have been from the same bag they could be biologically different. Secondly, there could have been some skin left on the tubers which could have abnormal the rate at which the water entered the tubers due to osmosis. Thirdly, when we were weighing the tubers we had to handle them which could have extracted some water from the tubers, this would alter the true system of weights of the tubers after 24 hours and therefore alter the results of the experiment.D4 and D5 My experiment is reliable as it was iterate six times in the form of the pooled class result. However, there were a hardly a(prenominal) anomalies among the group results e. g. some groups have higher or lower results than the others this would cause the comely class result to be lower or higher depending on the value of the anomaly. This could be as simple as the use of different potatoes and carrots being used for each group or any of the reasons mentioned in D3.