Mission Statement of Nokia Essay

Nokia Corporation defines its mission to connect people through mobile phone technology and quotes its mission statement as follows; â€Å"Our strategic intent is to build great mobile products our job is to enable billions of people everywhere to get connected.† Operations Management Mission of Nokia: Nokia Goals and objectives in the market are as follows: To build great mobile products. To help people feel near to what matters to them. To enable billions of people to get more of life’s opportunities through mobiles. To capture volume and value growth to connect the next billion people to the Internet in developing growth markets. OM Department Mission of Nokia: Product design: Nokia cares about developing products that meet specific need of its customers. Thus for example, all the products of Business Solution mode are tailored to the requirement of specific entrepreneur seeking the  optimal solution for him. While in mobile phone section, the lifestyle of the target group is also analyzed. Quality Management: As the customer is the driving force in Nokia, so managing the quality is started with familiar with customer requirements and then processes are continuously improved according to the feedback received from the customers. Process Design: Nokia has design the capacity to ensure meeting all the demand (capacity built in view of demand supports the credibility of Nokia). Location: As a global company, Nokia operates in over 130 countries with the headquartered in Espoo in Finland, in the origins of Nokia. To create cutting edge technologies, it carries out researches in technologically advanced countries. Moreover, according to its diversity and location policy, Nokia wants to cooperate with companies form different locations as gaining new markets is one of the company’s goals. Layout Design: Nokia as an international company also uses global manufacturing network that gives them the ability to respond quickly to changes in demand and technology. They have suppliers in all parts of the world so that they can easily introduce changes to their processes and the utilization of resources is optimal. Human Resources: One of the Nokia strength is the employees. That’s why it aims to create them the best working environment and growth opportunities. It conducts several programs to encourage them to submit their own ideas and contribute to the company’s growth such as  ´Listening to You ´ annual survey or conducted by intranet â€Å"Ask HR† that gives a quick and openly published response for all queries. Supply Chain Management: Nokia’s supply chain includes direct sourcing (material supply for Nokia products, such as components, parts, packaging, contract manufacturing, software development, and research and development) and indirect sourcing (office equipment, services etc.) Inventory: Thanks to joint ventures and close cooperation with their supplier, Nokia can optimize their inventory levels. The suppliers as Nokia partners also participate in product development process, what helps better assess the needs of the future production. Efficient management of the inventory is also supported by the diversification of the location of suppliers. Moreover Nokia builds its inventory in view of demand, minimum levels of the inventory has to be maintained. Scheduling: Average life cycle of a mobile phone is about 2 years and during one year many new models are introduced. That’s why production of one line of products is done simultaneously with the research and design process of new products. Scheduling and taking measures in anticipation of new ventures is in this case a critical issue. Maintenance: Providing training and development for their employees is one of the Nokia’s promises. They pay much attention to be in touch with all new technologies and maintained the high level of well trained staff.

Pros and cons of using technology Essay

For many years, people have invented new technology equipment which became part of our lives. With existence of technology, people tend to depend on modern machines like smartphone, laptop, television and others. Moreover, the sharp development of technology has extremely expressed the human’s intelligence and creativity. Thanks to technology, everything becomes easier, more convenient and enjoyable for us. However, the matter is whether or not we use these technology efficiently. This essay will tell you more about advantages and disadvantages of technology Once upon a time, people did everything by their own hands. They washed clothes beside the rivers, cooked meals by firing wood, walked on foot from one place to others. At that time, the communication was so limited and inconvenient. People who were far from each other were difficult to connect. Nonetheless, technology appeared and obviously changed the whole world so far. Technology apparently has become part of our lives since it brought large benefits to us in communication, entertainment, business, education†¦.It appeared to make people’ matters easier, to save time, to bring people closer and closer. In the past, a woman was always busy with the housework, taking care of children, cooking for meal manually. Contrarily, nowadays everything becomes faster and easier with the support of washing-machine, microwave, television and many technical equipment. Instead of spending more than hour only in order to wash clothes by hands, they save time and energy by putting it into machine and doing other stuff. With microwaves, you just spend few minutes even few seconds for a meal. Thus, with much developed technology, you can save times and feel like you have more than 24 hours a day. With smart phone and internet, we are able to talk and see our friends and relatives who living far from us and feel like they are beside us. Moreover, the development of digital technology helps people not only expand relationships over the world but also learn more new things. With a laptop connected to the internet, we can easily find information from many sources and relax with many online games or music. It is also so amazing that we can find our old friends through social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and share information to any part of the world only milliseconds. The communication becomes cheaper and more convenient thanks to people’ great inventions. Especially, we must consider how effective technology can help work. Amount  of modern applications and devices help people easily manage their work and their time such as take-note schedule, remind tasks and important events. In the past, we took at least two or three days to send a letter to another place. Now we can send an email just by click â€Å"send†, it takes only few seconds. Moreover, some people also might choose to work at home and j ust connect with other by network. Even though technology brought us many advantages, have people utilized it as efficient way? It will be negative effort if we abuse of it too much. Unfortunately, almost every one of us are depending on modern equipment and not realizing the unpredictable consequences. While people are able to talk with their friends who are far from us, they may have difficulty in communicating with others around them. They are more comfortable with hiding behind the screens rather than talking face to face. It is actually sad to say that we are becoming less social interaction and insensitive to each other. Young people tend to be alone and passive with smartphone, laptop and uncommunicative to people around them. With state-of-the-art devices, we work more efficiently than before. However, there are also some drawbacks. Abusing of technology might make us become a machine: work, work and work. Some firm owners try to extend more time work and employees probably become workaholic because of the benefit and convenient devices. Businessmen tend to bring work to home and no more time watching TV with their children and family. Obviously, their wives and children extremely don’t like that. Moreover, life of people are under the heavy threat by internet crimes. Exploiting the development of social networks or computer tricks, they steal information, documents from other device. More dangerous, they also rape the young girls who have the habit check in on Facebook, Instagram or kidnap children for a ransom. Therefore, the more developed of technology also internet, the more dangerous people have to face with. Every part of our daily life is almost related to technology and its development continuously satisfy our demands. Unfortunately, our dependence on technology currently is too much, it is considerably alarming. The impact of technology on our lives can be devastating if we don’t keep ourselves in check Technology is like a coin which has both positive and negative sides. We should decide and choose how to use it. The advantages of technology are  very helpful for people if we use it right, it will be effective to our lives and society. Nobody can deny positively development of technology, but it must be the positive developed and shouldn’t have any negative affected in present or future. Comments: Good argument, perhaps you guys can add more argument about using technology, because I saw no clear argument about it. Does people today really using technology effectively? You can write also about the crime using technology. For example: People who rape young girl who they knew from facebook. (Renitha – 02910116) Interesting topic with good explanations and examples. Although there are some unclear parts but in the end, readers can get the points. There are some grammatical and colloquial errors, hope you can put on more attention on it. Overall, this is a fine essay (Danny – 02911741)

To What Extent can Standardized Tests be used in Measuring the Article

To What Extent can Standardized Tests be used in Measuring the Competitiveness of Nursing School Curricula - Article Example Administering the same tests for all nursing graduates can judge whether or not the curriculum of a greater number of nursing schools across the country are competitive enough compared to other schools in producing highly-skilled nurses. Article Summaries The first article discusses the comparison of baccalaureate students from different schools that were enrolled in either problem-based curricula (PBL) or those in a conventional nursing program. Using a self-report questionnaire and scores in the National Nursing Registration Examination (RN Exam), the perceptions and abilities of the students were measured. It was found out that although the RN Exam scores did not differ significantly among the different schools that participated, the perceptions of preparedness and educational satisfaction did differ in the two curricula, with the PBL students reporting higher perceived preparedness and satisfaction (Rideout, et al., 2002). The authors recommended exploring further the relationshi p between educational approaches and student outcomes in order to create better nursing curricula in different schools. The second article discusses the importance of the use of external curriculum assessments like the NCLEX-RN. Every three years or so, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) updates their licensure exams to reflect the changing trends in healthcare. While the NCLEX-RN was not specifically designed to be used as an assessment tool for measuring the effectiveness of the curricula in all nursing schools, pass rates for each school in the NCLEX-RN determines whether the nursing degree program deserves to be accredited or not (Morrison, 2005). Thus, the higher the pass rates the school has, the more competitive it seems in the eyes of incoming students as well as for hiring parties. Integrated Analyses Both articles discussed the use of standardized examinations and assessments in order to measure the abilities and perceptions of various graduates of nur sing schools. The first article used the RN Exam as a standardized test in assessing the preparedness of newly-graduated students from different schools and curricula for their career in nursing. The second article brought focus on the use of NCLEX-RN in assessing the curriculum’s effectiveness or weaknesses in preparing students for national licensure exams. By using standardized tests, biases in the judging of school curricula can be eliminated. To put contrasts between the two articles, the first one used the RN Exam was as a standard in measuring the preparedness of newly-graduated students from different schools and nursing curricula. While it was a good measure of knowledge, it was not able to measure the satisfaction of the students in their education or in their perceived efficiency of the curriculum of the school. The second article used NCLEX-RN as their standard in assessing whether the curricula of most nursing schools need improvement, or if the teachers needed t o modify their methods in teaching. Reflection Based on the two articles, it can be inferred that the use of standardized testing is very relevant and imperative in comparing the capabilities of

System analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

System analysis - Essay Example 2-Identify 6 business processes and explain primary responsibility for each process. Describe what data is required and what information is generated by each process. Maybe helpful to do this as a Word table with column headings for business process, person responsible, and data. For this system, the main recommendation relies on the best way of increasing its reliability and availability. In order to increase reliability, the company should adopt security for the system to ensure all the processes are secure and efficient (Shelly et al, p.10). Further, security also proves important since it gives assurance on the availability; hence, the proactivity of the whole system in the numerous transactions taking place. Since the support system is responsible for the proper coordination of business activities, the business should adopt accountability and accuracy. The two are important to ensure that all the required resources are channeled appropriately to all the departments. The company needs to put in place expertise who are responsible for updating the system with any significant information. The ERP system stores large business information regarding all the five organization’s activities. The information stored is used to keep track of business operations in relations to the trends in the market (Shelly et al, p.10). Intuitively, for the company to get quality results it will need to update the system with any relevance change witnessed over a trading

Compare and contrast two Middle Eastern civil wars, such as Lebanon, Essay

Compare and contrast two Middle Eastern civil wars, such as Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, or Libya - Essay Example Through associate degree analysis of various cultural constructions, the conflict that passed off throughout the war has helped in Lebanon’s healing method (Horowitz 2008, 217). In Syria, President Bashar Al- Assad took power in the year 2000 immediately after the death of his father Hafez that had dominated Syria right from 1970. President Assad hastily dotted hopes of political reforms, as the power remained targeted within the ruling family, and therefore the system of one party gave few avenues for political opposition. With lack of nonviolent transfer of leadership since the Fifties, amendments will only happen solely through a military coup or a well-liked struggle. This report, will explain the similarities and differences of the civil wars in Lebanon and Syrian states in the Middle East and their roles in bringing political reforms in the respective nations. The vicious loop of enhanced sectarian attitude, escalating sadism and out of doors support has up to now, prevented any serious attempts to resolve the conflict between the war-ridden factions in the Syrian nation (Leenders & Heydemann 2012, 142). The government and the opponent deny one another as conflict partners in an exceedingly competitive struggle however regard each other a vital enemy to tumble or destroy. Anassessmentof Lebanon provided that sectarian as well as ethnic identities had changed into settled markers for violence and thrown the nation into a destructive war (Sambanis 2004, 823). The main issue is if a power-sharing approach that resembles the one efficiently employed in Lebanon can be suitable in making sure the war in Syria is ended. Opponents to the idea the application of the Lebanon model to Syria argue that the two nations that are characterized by social compositions of a sectarian nature have administrative arrangements that are incommensurable (Ghosn & Khoury 2011, 381). The area is the foundation of the three most

Miderm worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Miderm worksheet - Essay Example n to the visual craft in this feature, the sum of the ensembles and surroundings were vibrant and delightful, and there wasnt anything that I would not like to take a gander at in light of the fact that it was all so exquisite and rich. I needed to recollect everything about the feature on account of the extent to which it invigorated my psyche. After sketching this out I learned that the content that stuck in my head was the part of her dancing for the man while he smokes his cigar. I learned that much of this video is about sexuality, the female nude, the male gaze and how woman can use their sexiness to gain the attention of a man. I also learned that I am a terrible drawer. 7. List descriptive details in the work that you find significant (angles, colors, focal points, characters, motion, sound, attire, shapes, mood, lighting, etc.) that help you understand the work. You need to understand and describe specific details of the work in order to derive meaning from it and interpret it. Otherwise, an interpretation likely has little grounding. The garments was unquestionably extremely noteworthy to help me comprehend this work, this music feature was honestly alluring and much of it is simply Beyoncà © moving in constrained dress for her spouse Jay-Z. I think having him in the music feature was additionally a tremendous a piece of this and seeing as this was her first collection discharged since conceiving an offspring I think having her spouse in the feature spoke to how she could in any case be an attractive lady considerably in the wake of having a child. The lighting in one of the parts is made to show simply her shape as she moves exposed on a seat, the bends in her body and point from her heel make her extremely engaging the eye. I could see why Jay-Z might need to gaze at her throughout the night Sexy, seductive, womanly, stimulating, empowering, risky, revealing, showy, burlesque, at the same time this video was also very degrading to women, needy for

Economies of Asia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economies of Asia - Assignment Example However, it is clear that the policies were not well thought since by 1959 the communes could not succeed in meeting the demands of the policies (Riskin 117-133).The commune leaders on the other hand could not push its subjects towards achieving the set goals, and some would even be charged for the same. It is evident that the factors of production were not factored in by Mao since the machines produced were not of good quality. Riskin explains how the farm machinery produced were completely destroyed while being used in the farms (117-133). This means that the food produced could not be harvested even with China presenting a perfect environment for agricultural practices. The policies can, therefore, be said to have put more focus on quantity as opposed to quality productions. Riskin explains how the policies could not deal with drought issues on some parts of the country and floods on the other (117-133). Even with high produce from the farms, Riskin explains how starvation occurred in different places in the country, to the extent that the government had to measure food for its citizens (42, 77, 136). In the industrial sector the same issue of not focusing on factors of production was imminent. As seen in the work of Riskin, the backyard furnaces were seen to consume huge amounts of coal (125-126). Since China’s railway system was heavy reliant on coal at the time, the coal driven train suffered a great deal since they did not have enough energy that would be useful for transport form place to place (Riskin 127, 195). Also, it is key to know that the in as much the production of steel was high prior to 1958, the products were of very low quality (Riskin 125-126). A good example is that of the home made utensils such as pots and pans that were made of the lowest quality steel and could not even be recognizable (Riskin 273, 279). It is true that the steel was produced but was

Observational essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Observational - Essay Example nt will take forever but when these new students see a familiar starbucks coffee shop in the campus it makes them realize that the environment is not that different. I sat at the Starbucks on campus for three days and observed people in the evening. Starbucks is a very clean and nice place in the university to spend some time. I observed that sometimes its environment get very crowded and they use dividers in order to make a zigzag pattern of lines for managing the crowd. At times Starbucks on campus service can be very fast especially at a time where there is no line at all and other times the crowd as to wait for several minutes to get their order. The sitting arrangement and the environment within this coffee shop is highly comfortable which attracts people to go there and interact with many different people. I have observed that Starbucks on campus was a place of relaxation for students. They use to come there tired, sit, spent some time for relaxing and then get back to the tough routine of the university. One of the major events that I have observed during my three day observation is that there was a student who uses to come to Starbucks on campus as a regular student. His class was very near from the shop so he had a great chance of having coffee daily in the morning at one of the most well known coffee shops at his school. Initially everything was going fine but on the last day of the observation I realized that the student was in a hurry and wanted a coffee. He had some important work to do but the line was moving very slowly. He waited for the turn for around half an hour and soon after some time I heard him screaming that Starbucks on campus is a waste of time. He was screaming and saying that it is better to order a pizza somewhere instead of waiting here for so long and that all for a cup of coffee. Other than this one event my observation for Starbucks on campus went very smoothly and problem free. Starbucks on campus is a place where students can

Trade unions should...have rights which empower them and their Essay

Trade unions should...have rights which empower them and their members. These rights should be clear and unequivocal, and they s - Essay Example Historically, there have been minimal official restrictions on freedom of association in the United Kingdom, even though there have been several, created by a variety of issues (Keith 2008). Mostly, and definitely in the recent decade, the primary concern is related to limitations on trade unions with regard to which several statutory limitations and other restrictions have been implemented (Wrigley 2002). These actions have raised several communications and grievances to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the administrative units of which have had opportunity to discover that the legal code under consideration fails international labour standards (Servais 2008). This subject matter is specifically related to the perspective of the International Covenant’s Article 22 taking into consideration the fact that the essence of these mechanisms is identified by paragraph 3, as this essay will discuss, the exact implication of this prerequisite is quite indefinite. As stated by Keith Ewing and Carolyn Jones (2006): â€Å"Trade unions should... have rights which empower them and their members. These rights should be clear and unequivocal, and they should properly equip trade unions... to act within the boundaries of international labour standards to protect the interests of their members. This means a right to organise, a right to bargain and a right to strike in a new legal settlement for British trade unions...(p. 35)† In view of this statement, this essay will critically analyse the industrial relations law in the United Kingdom. It will provide a brief historical discussion of the law relating to freedom of association and the right to strike and will identify which aspects of UK industrial relations law fail to meet international standards. The Right to Freedom of Association As stated in Article 22(1) (Jayawickrama 2003): Everyone shall have the right to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and join trade unions f or the protection of his interests (p. 735). What is quite ambiguous is the degree to which Article 22 safeguards the movement of individuals who are in association with others. A major problem, stressed by the constitutional courts on the one hand and European Court of Human Rights’ covenant on the other, is whether securities resembling those in Article 22(1) are valid only to safeguard the right to freedom of association, or whether they act further by safeguarding the freedom to act in association with others to advocate the fundamental objectives of the association under consideration (Blanpain 2010). The mechanism in constitutional and international law, by and large, has been to espouse the earlier, much restricted, and much less radical context of interpretation (Keith 2008). As stated by Lecher and Platzer (1997), it is the perspective of the Human Rights Committee as well. Taking into consideration the quite narrow statute it is challenging to determine with any lev el of accuracy whether and to what degree UK law and practice meet Article 22(1). Nevertheless, there are three primary concerns which emerge for analysis: (1) the right to join an association; (2) right of the association to manage its internal activities; and (3) the right of the asso

Meeting of minds Essay Example for Free

Meeting of minds Essay In what ways does this scene represent 2 characters crossing boundaries and understanding each other a meeting of minds?  The scene automatically has a sense of irony, as both Yolland and Maire both cannot understand a word each other is saying, this means communication was needed to be made in an alternate way, these ways are through the use of identifiable feelings and emotions, as well as paralanguage to indicate the feelings and emotions that the character is trying to express. Throughout their conversation, it would seem unlikely to a person who has just picked up the book that Yolland and Maire do not speak the same language, and therefore cannot fathom what each other is trying to say. This is due to the similarities of speech between the two of them; they always seem to have a vague understanding about what the other person is trying to say. An indication of this is where Maire says, The grass must be wet. My feet are soaking. straight after Yolland points out, The grass must be wet your feet are soaking. It is clear to see the similarities in their speech, although the context is just flipped around, but apart from that it is almost identical. Emphasising this collision, linguistically speaking, is the stage directions, expressing the characters body movement. The way they seem very immature when they realise they are holding hands, then immediately disengage and move apart. Another way that they can be seen as immature is through the basic communication, such as pointing. Knowing that the other person cannot understand what they are saying might be a factor in the characters lexis, especially regarding Yolland where he says Ive been watching you night and day for the past because if Yolland was to say this to Maire and she understood it, she could take it two very different ways, and decide that in fact Yolland is a bit weird. Without the aid of a similar language the characters find another way to communicate, which involves Maire saying English words, which she knows, and Yolland encouraging her, Yes-yes? Go on- go on- say anything at all- I love the sound of your speech. This shows although they cannot understand each other Yolland is fixated by Maire, and there is this chemistry, a bond between them, which they both know, are there but just cant explain it to each other. The communication between the two of them become so intense that Yolland starts reeling of whole sentences, without realising that Maire does not have a clue what he is on about, she just stares at him unknowingly and wondering. It becomes clear that they need some common ground to try to relate with each other this occurs, when Yolland starts saying Irish place names, Maire reciprocates and this carries on as though they are flirting, which leads them back to the way they were, when they ran together, as once again they were holding hands, at this point they exchange their raw feelings without the satisfaction of being understood, they hold each other and tremble in one anothers arms, the lexis leading up to the kiss is very heated, there is a mutual understanding of the word always I believe this to be significant as this is one of the final words before they kiss it just shows the compassion they hold for each other. Unquestionably above everything the connection is a meeting of minds as the only way of really communicating was through paralanguage, and the fact that they are very similar people, with similar thoughts and feelings, about the way they act, the way they speak, and the way they feel for each other. In a way their relationship could be seen as an example to be followed, as if individual Irish and English people can get along and fall in love, whats to say England and Ireland should not at least be able to tolerate each other. Yolland and Maire, by not understanding verbally, will have an extremely deep understanding of each other mind, in turn this may lead to a significantly compassionate relationship, or just a passing phase, however I believe there is a meeting of minds, and the kiss only emphasises the coming together of these two foreign bodies into one.

Analysis of Cherry Flavour using GC-MS

Analysis of Cherry Flavour using GC-MS Tziamourani Athanasia Analysis of cherry flavour using GC-MS and development of a recombinate Cherry is one of the most important fruits globally and a non-climacteric stone fruit, mainly grown in temperate climate countries. The most important factors that contribute to the uniqueness of cherry include skin colour, sweetness (sugar content), sourness (organic acid content), fruit firmness, fruit weight and aroma. The compounds that contribute to the final aroma of cherry represent a very small portion, only 0.01% 0.001% of the fruit fresh weight, but have a substantial impact on its quality (Zhang et al., 2007; Vavoura et al., 2015). Aroma is one of the most valuable attributes of cherries which may affect the consumer acceptance of the fruit and is a result of a complex mixture of chemical compounds, such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, organic acids, ketones, terpenes, etc. (Valero and Serrano, 2010). According to the literature, most of the studies examined cherry fruit have used various techniques for extraction and analysis of the compounds. These methods include stati c and dynamic head space analysis, supercritical CO2 extraction and solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Bernalte et al., 1999; Malaman et al., 2011; Vavoura et al., 2015). Scientists used these have conclude that SPME with GC-MS is the simplest, most rapid and effective method to analyse fruit volatiles (Zhang et al., 2007; Li et al., 2008; Vavoura et al., 2015). This review will examine the existing researches on the compounds present in cherry fruit that contribute to its flavour and on the methods that applied to obtain them. Origin of cherry Cherry fruit belongs to the Rosaceae family, which also includes other fruits such as peaches, apricots and plums. Cherries are available in many species, but two of them are selected for human consumption, the sweet cherry which is a direct descendant of the wild cherry Prunus avium and the sour cherry Prunus cerasus. Those two species differ largely in taste and thus they are considered to be separate species (Wen et al., 2014). A ripe cherry fruit has bright shiny pale to deep red or purple colour with very thin peel, but there are some cultivars that produce yellow fruit. The colour, aroma, taste and health properties of cherries have made them very popular and greatly appreciated. Sweet cherries are cultivated mainly for fresh consumption because they are highly perishable and have short fruiting seasons. Although, they are processed into jam, juice and wine (Revell, 2008; Wen et al., 2014). Wild cherry is originated from Europe, Northwest Africa, Western Asia, from the British Isles south to Morocco and Tunisia and east to Southern Sweden, Poland, Ukraine, Caucasus and northern Iran (Revell, 2008). Cherry flavour Flavour is the sensation produced by a material taken in the mouth and perceived principally by the chemical senses of taste and smell. The sense of taste is detected by five basic tastes on the human tongue which are sweet, bitter, sour, salty and lately discovered umami taste (Taylor and Mottram, 1996). According to Fisher and Scott (1997), the resulting flavour of fruit are a blend of the sweetness due to sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose and the sourness of organic acids, such as citric and malic acids. However, it is the aroma of the different volatile components of fruits that allow us to distinguish among them. Flavour of each fruit is a complicated area, as every attribute is a result of specific interactions between various compounds present in fruit like sugars, phenolics, organic acids and more specialised flavour compounds including an extensive range of aroma volatiles (Tucker, 1993). The differences in the type and proportion of these compounds produced have an impact on the distinctive flavour and aroma of a particular fruit. The concentration of these constituents which included in cherries shows a fluctuation and this may be the source of flavour variations between the individual fruit and each cultivar (Bernalte et al., 1999). Flavour compounds present in cherries can be complex but the majority of them are relatively simple molecules which are volatile and contribute to the fruit’s odour and aroma. These two terms are usually misinterpreted and it is important to distinguish them in order to be fully understood. Odour is the smell of food before the consumption and is perceived orthonasally, whereas aroma is the smell of food during consumption in the mouth and is sensed retronasally (Revell, 2008). These compounds, as it was mentioned before, are analysed by SPME method coupled with GC-MS. Volatile Analysis Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demands extraction of the aroma volatiles from cherries to create a sample suitable for injection to the instrument. The most widely applied techniques for the extraction of volatiles are solvent extraction and solid phase micro extraction (SPME). The dominant factor that determines the selection of the type of solvent is the polarity of the volatiles. Therefore, it is apparent that polar volatiles require a polar solvent like methanol, while non-polar volatiles require organic solvent like hexane. Especially, as Li et al. (2008) underlines, a non-polar solvent is suitable for the key volatiles of cherry flavour. Furthermore, a known or quantified internal standard is absolutely necessary to enable quantification of the other compounds, as the area of different peaks from various volatiles in the cherry sample will be compared with the peak area of the known internal standard. As a result of this, the polar compounds such as acids and sug ars end up in the water phase whereas the volatiles in the hexane layer. Centrifugation is crucial to separate the polar and non-polar compounds. After the application of centrifugation, the hexane layer which is formed in the top of the solution is removed and analysed GC-MS. GC-MS analysis uses only a small quantity (1ÃŽ ¼l) of the volatile sample which is injected into the instrument via a hot region which evaporate the liquid. The resulting gas including various volatiles is swept on the chromatographic column with the aid of a carrier gas (usually helium). The increasing temperature of the column provokes the compounds to leave the gum lining, where they are deposited initially, and enter the carrier gas flowing through the chromatographic column. The compounds with the lowest boiling point pass through the column first. This separates the aroma volatiles before they enter the ionisation and detection in the mass spectrometer (Revell, 2008). Volatile Compounds During the last decades, extensive research has been done on different cherry varieties from various countries in different periods of fruit development. A recent study found out a total of 18 compounds in cherry fruit classified into the groups: alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons/terpenes and esters were identified and semi-quantified using 4-methyl-2-pentanone as the internal standard for the GC-MS analysis (Vavoura et al., 2015). Almost all these compounds have been previously identified in fresh sweet cherry fruit (Serradilla et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2007; Bernalte et al., 1999; Mattheis et al., 1992; Girard and Kopp, 1998). Many studies have shown that carbonyl compounds, specifically aldehydes, ketones and esters, are some of the most significant compounds of sweet cherry fruit aroma (Girard and Kopp, 1998; Mattheis et al., 1992; Zhang et al., 2007; Bernalte et al., 1999). Matsui (2006) has identified that 2-hexenal and hexanal, which are carbonyl compounds, give green leafy notes in the fresh cherry fruit and for this reason are known as â€Å"green leaf volatiles† with low perception threshold. The results from Vavoura et al. (2015) showed that 2-propanone was the most abundant volatile compound identified in all four cherry cultivars that they examined; Lapins, Canada giant, Ferovia and Skeena followed by 2-hexenal and acetaldehyde. The carbonyl compounds that Vavoura et al. (2015) identified were linear and aromatic and the most abundant was 2-propanone followed by 2-hexenal and acetaldehyde. Moreover, Vavoura et al. (2015) found that carbonyl compounds showed the most abundant signals prese nt in sweet cherry aroma. In contrast with these results, Serradilla et al. (2012) found that alcohols are the most abundant compounds present in sweet cherry, which include linear, aromatic and branched compounds. The most abundant among them was (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and also the main alcohol found in Picato type and Sweetheart sweet cherries in Spain. Furthermore, along with (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, hexanal and 2-hexanal are important compounds which are related with green notes and fresh green odours associated with vegetables and fruits. Girard and Kopp (1998) have also underlined that these compounds are predominant flavour volatiles in cherries. The only alcohols that Vavoura et al. (2015) identified were 2-Hexen-1-ol and benzyl alcohol present in the Skeena cultivar and thus they are used as a marker to distinguish this cherry cultivar from the others. There are other minor components which contribute to the aroma profile of cherry cultivars such as esters (methyl-2-hydroxybenzoate), alkenes (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) and terpenes (D-limonene) (Vavoura et al., 2015; Serradilla et al., 2012). Although, studies on strawberry and kiwifruit showed that esters compounds were the important aromas of the fruits because they have low perception threshold and high aroma value of these compounds (Perez et al., 1996; Li et al., 2002). According to Vavoura et al. (2015), the most representative compounds in the Skeena cultivar were C6 and aromatic compounds. Furthermore, in many studies the content of C6 compounds and aromatic ones are the most representative class of compounds (Mattheis et al., 1992; Zhang et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2010). Girard and Kopp (1998) studied 12 sweet cherry cultivars from the same orchard and identified 50 volatiles with the combination of two techniques dynamic headspace and gas chromatography, (E)-2-hexenol, benzaldehyde, hexanal and (E)-2-hexanal were predominant compounds which could be used to segregate commercial and new cherry selections into various subgroups. Similarly, Sun et al. (2010) conducted their study in order to determine the aroma-active compounds present in five sweet cherry cultivars from Yantai region in China. A total of 52 volatiles were identified, among these were hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol. Also, they suggested that hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, nonanal, benzaldehyde and geranylacetone are responsible for the green, orange, almond and floral notes of the cherry fruit (Sun et al., 2010). In a similar study, Zhang et al. (2007) using the same techniques identified 37 volatiles in sweet cherries in C hina. Especially, reported that hexanal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, ethyl acetate and hexanoic acid ethyl ester were the characteristic aroma volatiles of sweet cherry fruit. Moreover, they examined the various developmental cherry periods and concluded that the optimal harvest time of sweet cherry was at the commercial stage (Zhang et al., 2007). According to Reineccius (2006), cherry flavour changes across its developmental stages as it cannot be identified in the primary stages of the fruit formation but grows during a brief ripening period. During this period, metabolism of the fruit changes to catabolism and hence the flavour development starts. This is obvious as carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids are enzymatically converted to simple sugars or acids and volatile compounds. All the previous studied had focused on the volatiles compounds which are in a free form but the aroma of cherries might also come from non-volatile glycosidically bound precursors. These aroma precursors have been extensively examined in a wide range of fruits such as blackberries, mangos, pineapples, strawberries, kiwifruit, oranges and grapes (Fan et al., 2009; Chyau et al., 2003; Garcia et al., 2011). As for the cherry, in a recent study, a total of 97 volatile compounds were reported. The groups of the chemicals compounds which were found, were alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, terpenes, norisoprenoids, furans, phenols and benzenes. The majority of these constituents have been previously identified, as it is mentioned before, in fresh sweet cherries. Of the 97 compounds, most of them were in a free form while 13 of them were glycosidically bound. In addition, 20 terpenoid compounds and 7 norisoprenoids were reported. One important thing that has to be taken into accou nt is that many of these compounds such as citronellol, nerol, geraniol, ÃŽ ³-geraniol, (E)-isogeraniol, (Z)-isogeraniol, 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronapthalene (TDN), (E)-1-(2,3,6-Trimethyl-phenyl)buta-1,3-diene (TPB) are identified for the first time in cherries. In contrast to the free volatiles, which were predominantly aldehydes and alcohols, the bound volatile profiles were slightly different. The most abundant compounds were benzyl alcohol, geraniol and 2-phenyl-1-ethanol, followed by 3-methylbutanoic acid and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol. In terms of sensory evaluation, the free volatile compounds illustrated a fresh green, citrusy and floral aroma while the bound volatiles were odourless in the fresh fruit (Wen et al., 2014). Conclusion To sum up, extensive research has been done on identification of volatile compounds in cherry fruit but the techniques that have been applied to obtain and identify the volatiles are limited. Therefore, our research is intended to examine different cherry varieties both commercially available and from farmers. The methods that will take place for the extraction of the volatiles from the cherries are liquid-liquid extraction, solvent-assissted flavour evaporation technique or most commonly known as SAFE method and headspace solid phase microextraction as in the previously mentioned studies. The results from these techniques will then be identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis (GC-O). Then, a preliminary aroma reconstitution experiment will be conducted in order to be created a â€Å"juice† that resembles the organoleptic properties of original cherry juice after a quantification of the concentrations of the identified predominant aroma compounds. This experiment have been previously achieved in other fruits, such as strawberries but not in cherries (Prat et al., 2014). References Bernalte, D. M., Hernandez, M. T., Vidal-Aragon, M. C. Sabio, E. (1999). Physical, chemical, flavor and sensory characteristics of two sweet cherry varieties grown in Valle del Jerte (Spain). Journal of Food Quality, 22, 403-416. Chyau, C. C., Ko, P. T., Chang, C. H. Mau, J. L. (2003). Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds in lychee. Food Chemistry, 80, 387-392. Fan, G., Qiao, Y., Yao, X., Mo, D., Wang, K. Pan, S. (2009). Free and bound volatile compounds in juice and peel of Jincheng oranges. European Food Research and Technology, 229, 571-578. Fisher, C. Scott, T. R. (1997). Food Flavours. Biology and Chemistry. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry Garcia, C. V., Quek, S. Y., Stevenson, R. J. Winz, R. A. (2011). Characterisation of the bound volatile extract from baby kiwi (Actinidia arguta). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 8358-8365. Girard, B. Kopp, T. C. (1998). Physico-chemical characteristics of selected sweet cherry cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 471-476. Li, H., Tu, Z. S., Wang, H. Liu, F. (2002). Analysis of aroma components of kiwifruit wine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 21, 5-10. Li, X. L., Kang, L., Hu, J. J., Li, X. F. Shen, X. (2008). Aroma volatile compound analysis of SPME headspace and extract samples from crabapple fruit using GC-MS. Agricultural Science in China, 7, 1451-1457. Malaman, F. S., Moraes, L. A. B., West, C., Ferreira, J. Oliviera, A. L. (2011). Supercritical fluid extracts from the Brazilian cherry: Relationship between the extracted compounds and the characteristic flavour intensity of the fruit. Food Chemistry, 124, 85-92. Matsui, K. (2006). Green leaf volatiles: Hydroperoxide lyase pathway of oxylipin metabolism. Journal of Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 52, 1248-1254. Mattheis, J. P., Buchanan, D. A. Fellman, J. K. (1992). Volatile compounds emitted by sweet cherries (Prunus avium cv. Bing) during fruit development and ripening. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40, 471-474. Perez, A. G., Sanz, C., Olias, R., Rios, J. J. Olias, J. M. (1996). Evolution of strawberry alcohol acyltransferase activity during fruit development and storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 3286-3290. Prat, L., Espinoza, M. I., Agosin, E. Silva, H. (2014). Identification of volatile compounds associated with the aroma of white strawberries (Fragaria chiloensis). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94, 752-759. Reineccius, G. (2006). Flavor formation in fruits and vegetables. Flavor Chemistry and Technology 2nd ed. USA: CRC Press. Revell, J. (2008). Sensory Profile and Consumer Acceptability of Sweet Cherries. University of Nottingham. Serradilla, M. J., Martin, A., Ruiz-Moyano, S., Hernandez, A., Lopez-Corrales, M. de Guia Cordoba, M. (2012). Physicochemical and sensorial characterization of four sweet cherry cultivars grown in Jerte Valley (Spain). Food Chemistry, 133, 1551-1559. Sun, S. Y., Jiang, W. G. Zhao, Y. P. (2010). Characterization of the aroma-active compounds in five sweet cherry cultivars grown in Yantai (China). Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25, 206-213. Taylor, A. J. Mottram, D. S. (1996). Flavour Science. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. Valero, D. Serrano, M. (2010). Postharvest Biology and Technology for Preserving Fruit Quality. USA: CRC Press. Vavoura, A. V., Badeka, A. V., Kontakos, S. Kontominas, M. G. (2015). Characterization of Four Popular Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grown in Greece by Volatile Compound and Physicochemical Data Analysis and Sensory Evaluation molecules, 20, 1922-1940. Wen, Y., He, F., Zhu, B., Lan, Y., Pan, Q., Li, C., Reeves, M. J. Wang, J. (2014). Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds in cherry (Prunus avium L.). Food Chemistry, 152, 29-36. Zhang, X., Jiang, Y. M., Peng, F. T., He, N. B., Li, Y. J. Zhao, D. C. (2007). Changes of aroma components in Hongdeng sweet cherry during fruit development. Agricultural Science in China, 6, 1376-1382.

Why Men Should Teach Feminism Essay -- Feminism Feminist Women Critici

Why Men Should Teach Feminism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We were asked to focus on three questions related to men and feminism: first, what leads us to teach feminism; second and third, can or should a man teach courses or topics on feminism.   While my short answer to each question is â€Å"yes,† I have carefully examined my ideological history and experiences teaching women’s studies to be more certain of my response.   Not all of the varied aims of women’s studies and feminist activism are directed toward the sensibilities and status of men, nor should they be, but men are still an important audience for feminist discourse and should play a more active role in teaching feminism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thinking about the first question – what leads me to teach feminism – the answer stems from my belief that alliances matter in the struggle for progressive social change, and that allies must be enlisted to support the aims of ending sex and gender discrimination.   The histories of justice-seeking movements in the United States can help to illustrate why alliance building is necessary as a follow up to and a complement to the concentrated efforts of a dedicated base of activists, such as suffragists in the 19th century, young black students involved in sit-ins in the early 1960s, or protestors against the second Gulf War in our time.   Social movements often follow a trajectory that begins with radical activists confronting oppression with direct action, even when a cause appears unpopular.   If the efforts of an activist base are successful in calling attention to unjust social practices, a sizable minority or even a majority of the wider population may decide that they have a stake in the movement’s success, making possible such historic legislative achie... ...gues in the women’s studies program and other contexts has enriched my life far beyond the classroom.   In my future work, I will encourage others to learn from the history of feminism and to apply feminist pedagogy in the classroom.   My experiences being the only African American (and sometimes the only male) in many professional and personal settings have reinforced my conviction that the best hope for future progressive change is to build alliances that celebrate human commonality, and demonstrate for our students that (as June Jordan has written) â€Å"freedom is indivisible.†Ã‚   While we all can benefit from the comfort and even the catharsis that single-sex and single-race settings can provide, our students and our society are best served by cooperative, feminist-inspired work by women and men to challenge sexism, racism, and every other threat to freedom and justice. Why Men Should Teach Feminism Essay -- Feminism Feminist Women Critici Why Men Should Teach Feminism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We were asked to focus on three questions related to men and feminism: first, what leads us to teach feminism; second and third, can or should a man teach courses or topics on feminism.   While my short answer to each question is â€Å"yes,† I have carefully examined my ideological history and experiences teaching women’s studies to be more certain of my response.   Not all of the varied aims of women’s studies and feminist activism are directed toward the sensibilities and status of men, nor should they be, but men are still an important audience for feminist discourse and should play a more active role in teaching feminism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thinking about the first question – what leads me to teach feminism – the answer stems from my belief that alliances matter in the struggle for progressive social change, and that allies must be enlisted to support the aims of ending sex and gender discrimination.   The histories of justice-seeking movements in the United States can help to illustrate why alliance building is necessary as a follow up to and a complement to the concentrated efforts of a dedicated base of activists, such as suffragists in the 19th century, young black students involved in sit-ins in the early 1960s, or protestors against the second Gulf War in our time.   Social movements often follow a trajectory that begins with radical activists confronting oppression with direct action, even when a cause appears unpopular.   If the efforts of an activist base are successful in calling attention to unjust social practices, a sizable minority or even a majority of the wider population may decide that they have a stake in the movement’s success, making possible such historic legislative achie... ...gues in the women’s studies program and other contexts has enriched my life far beyond the classroom.   In my future work, I will encourage others to learn from the history of feminism and to apply feminist pedagogy in the classroom.   My experiences being the only African American (and sometimes the only male) in many professional and personal settings have reinforced my conviction that the best hope for future progressive change is to build alliances that celebrate human commonality, and demonstrate for our students that (as June Jordan has written) â€Å"freedom is indivisible.†Ã‚   While we all can benefit from the comfort and even the catharsis that single-sex and single-race settings can provide, our students and our society are best served by cooperative, feminist-inspired work by women and men to challenge sexism, racism, and every other threat to freedom and justice.

Sam Walton :: essays research papers

Wal-Mart, the world’s top retail store wasn’t always so big. Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart saw the opportunity to open a business and later became America’s richest man. Competing against the biggest business to date Walton success is still apparent in today’s economy with stores all over the world. I believe Sam Walton is the world’s greatest entrepreneur because of his success. At an early age of 40 Walton had already owned 15 variety stores. As discount stores started opening around towns where his stores, he saw what was in store in the retail industry. On July 2, 1962, at the age of 44, Walton opened his first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas. The competition also started that same year with Woolco, Kmart, and Target opening their doors as well. His main goal while keeping his business alive was to keep the prices as low as possible. Stores began opening wherever Walton saw opportunity to grow. He brought Wal-Mart from his home state as he spread the stores across others. He always had a good view of the future and could for see that computerized business were the future. In part he traveled to New York’s IBM school and hired the top student to work for him. To this day Wal-Mart’s database is second only to the Pentagons. With his true sight for growing a strong business, Walton may have been the first computer aged CEO. For twenty-two years Walton had been an underground growing mega business. Unnoticed by the majority public he had become the richest man in America. With Forbes magazine determining that his 39% ownership of Wal-Mart's stock made him the richest man his name was know by everyone. As the name Wal-Mart spread around the country and the business grew more money came in and Walton lived his life as he always had, with pickup trucks and a farm instead of limo’s and mansions. Wal-Mart had remained increasing in size because of Walton’s drive to bring prices lower and lower. With consumers always looking for the bargain deal and the sales Wal-Mart never had to have sales because they sell what the have for the lowest possible prices. The concept of supply and demand works perfectly with the way the business is run.

Herbs :: essays research papers

Your studying for your final exams when all of a sudden you feel it coming on. A headache. It’s definitely your worst one yet, and to make matters worse, you’ve only just started studying an hour ago. It’s probably from going over all those problems in the small print of your text book. The test is tomorrow and the pain in your head is so unbearable that the only way known to make it go away is to go to bed. But, in the back of your mind, you know that you haven’t finished studying yet and if you go to bed now, you’ll definitely fail the test tomorrow. Does this problem sound familiar? How many of you can say that after continuously studying, your head starts to pound ? Well, there is no need to worry about failing anymore, because, believe it or not, there is a new way that studies are showing that can relieve your headaches, lower you stress levels, and actually make you relax more. Believe it or not, the newest way to make all those things I just said happen is by using herbs. Now I know what your thinking, herbs, aren’t they just used for cooking? Well, not anymore. In this speech I’m going to tell you what type of problems herbs can be used to treat, which herbs to use, and how to apply and prepare them. When it comes to what problems herbs can be used for, their are so many. Common problems that teenagers have nowadays are headaches, stress, acne, colds symptoms, and depression. These problems can usually occur around finals, flu season, and just out of the blue. Also, as teens get older, they have more freedom and would hate to be stuck in the house sick or with a terrible headache when a massive party is going on . Now, teens won’t have to make their parents pay money for medicine that taste disgusting and takes days to make them feel better. They can just use different types of herbal treatments that aren’t that hard to make an d can make the pain go away faster. Now, you can’t just use any herbs for these problems. Their are over 100 herbs commonly used, and not all of them are used for the same problems. When it comes to headaches, the most known herbs used to make them go away is betony, willow, and lavender.

Microsoft Environment Analysis Essay

1. The five vulnerabilities that exist for this LAN based workgroup are 2755801, 2501696, 2588513 2639658, 2659883. 2. Yes, the vulnerability that involves privilege elevation is 2639658 (Vulnerability in TrueType Font Parsing), but it is not a high priority. 3. 2719662 Solution: Workarounds refer to a setting or configuration change that does not correct the underlying issue but would help block known attack vectors before a security update is available. Apply the Microsoft Fix it solution that blocks the attack vector for this vulnerability. Disable Sidebar in Group Policy. Disable the Sidebar in the system registry. 2737111 Solution: Workarounds refer to a setting or configuration change that does not correct the underlying issue but would help block known attack vectors before a security update is available. Disable WebReady document view for Exchange. 2755801 Solution: Workaround refers to a setting or configuration change that would help block known attack vectors before you apply the update. Prevent Adobe Flash Player from running. Prevent Adobe Flash Player from running on Internet Explorer 10 through Group Policy on Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. Prevent Adobe Flash Player from running in Office 2010 on Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. Prevent ActiveX controls from running in Office 2007 and Office 2010. Set Internet and Local intranet security zone settings to â€Å"High† to block ActiveX Controls and Active Scripting in these zones. Configure Internet Explorer to prompt before running Active Scripting or to disable Active Scripting in the Internet and Local intranet security zone.

Analysis of Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare Essay

In â€Å"Sonnet 18† by William Shakespeare and â€Å"Death† by John Donne, both poems describe how death is escaped. Both writers suggest that we shouldn’t fear death, because with death comes life. The use of imagery, metaphors, and personification are used to develop these themes of the sonnets. However, each sonnet addresses how they view immortality in different ways. While â€Å"Sonnet 18† focuses on immortality by capturing beauty, immortality in â€Å"Death† is viewed through a religious perspective. The speaker of the poem â€Å"Death† shows fearlessness in the first stanza of the poem. â€Å"Death be not proud, though some have called thee/Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so† (1-2). Here death is being personified and confronted about his arrogant ways. The speaker lets death know that he is not as strong and scary as people perceive him to be. In the following lines death is brought down even more. The speaker reveals that death can’t really end our life because when we die we would then begin living eternally. John Donne uses his belief in Christianity to suggest to the reader there is life after death. The writer uses a metaphor in line five to compare death to â€Å"rest and sleep† to make matters worse. â€Å"From Rest and Sleep, which but thy picture be† (5). Rest and sleep are two things that are peaceful and calm, and are things we aren’t scared of at all. Sleep is interpreted as a temporary death which we wake up from in t his poem. The speaker talks about how death is doing people a favor by ending their life. â€Å"And soonest our best men with thee do go-/Rest of their bones and souls’ delivery† (7-8). These two stanzas propose that when death presents itself to us, we will finally be relieved of the pain, agony, and troubles of the world. Within stanza nine, imagery is used to describe the true image of death. Death is characterized as a servant who follows the rules of fate, chance, and kings as they are the only ones who make the calls on who dies or not.â€Å"Thou’rt slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men† (9). While death tries to fool us into to thinking he is the one who controls us, we realize that Death is really the one who is being controlled. As we read through the poem, we find out things about Death like who he associates with. The writer makes Death seem like someone we should not be afraid of when he affiliates him with poison, war, and sickness. In contrast the speaker’s beloved escapes death in â€Å"Sonnet 18† because he is written about in a poem. The poem starts off showing appreciation towards beauty by asking if he should compare his friend to a summer’s day (1). Within this stanza development, the speaker uses imagery to describe his beloved to a summer day. When we talk about summer time, we think of nice weather, nature’s beauty, and sunshine, all things which are compared to his beloved. Shakespeare repeatedly uses the word â€Å"more† in the second stanza to further suggest how beautiful this person is. He continues to going into detail about his friend, and how â€Å"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimm’d† (5-6). Here the eye of heaven is a metaphor that is represented as the sun. The writer comments on summer’s imperfections to remind the reader that summer isn’t always perfect. Sometimes summer is too hot, and other times the sun is dimmed by the clouds. We capture the temporariness of summer’s season in Shakespeare’s sonnet as well. Stanzas seven through nine emphasize how everything eventually comes to an end as time goes on (7-9). We know that as fall approaches and the weather becomes colder, nature becomes vulnerable. Leaves begin to fall from the trees and flowers begin to die. The writer makes a contradiction about the mortality of his beloved though. â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade† (9). This suggests that his beloved’s beauty will not end like the season of summer does. Finally the writer explains that as long as people are alive to read poems, his beloved will be immortal because the sonnet brings life to the person he is referring to (13-14). These last stanzas reveal a metaphor that argues his beloved is better than a summer day because unlike summer, his beloved’s beauty will never fade. Both sonnets escape the inevitable because of their different views on death. While the writer of â€Å"Sonnet 18† defeats death by capturing beauty in a poem, John Donne defeats death by belief of what is to come after this life. These two poems suggest that we shouldn’t fear mortality because it only reveals life after death. Work cited Donne, John. â€Å"Death.† The Giant Book of Poetry. Ed. William Roetzhem. San Diego: Level Four Press, Inc.2006. 21. Print. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Sonnet XVIII.† The Giant Book of Poetry. Ed. William Roetzhem. San Diego: Level Four Press, Inc.2006. 13.Print.

Music in Nature Essay

Music When music sounds, gone is the earth I know, And all her lovely things even lovelier grow; Her flowers in vision flame, her forest trees Lift burdened branches, stilled with ecstasies. When music sounds, out of the water rise Naiads whose beauty dims my waking eyes, Rapt in strange dreams burns each enchanted face, With solemn echoing stirs their dwelling-place. When music sounds, all that I was I am Ere to this haunt of Brooding dust I came; And from Time’s woods break into distant song The swift-winged hours, as I hasten along. In the first stanza, Music renders Nature beyond flowers into â€Å"vision flame†, trees that â€Å"Lift burdened branches, stilled with ecstasies.† The word â€Å"stilled† could mean instilled which has some motion, and is shortened to ‘stilled to accommodate the rhythm. Or it could mean stilled, as in held in suspension. The second stanza, mythical Naiads, a type of nymph who presided over fountains, wells, springs, streams, and brooks, are evoked by music’s sounds. But they are â€Å"Rapt in strange dreams†. â€Å"Burns each enchanted face.† is a suggestive image. A Flushed face looks like it is burning. Women may flush when embarrassed, perhaps, in de la Mare’s time, from the stimulation being in the company of a man she desires. But her â€Å"echoing†, which implies reflection, and could extend to a reflection of our own feelings, is â€Å"solemn†. Sad, perhaps unrequited, longing and desire burn in her strange dreams and show on her enchanted face. The third stanza literally refers to the author, but also the reader. Music exposes the very spirit of our-self, all that â€Å"I was before I came to this body† (â€Å"haunt of brooding dust†), I now â€Å"am†, understanding through the reflection of the music our ex-corporeal selves. From â€Å"Time’s woods†, from eternity’s history, including all past and future human emotions, â€Å"swift-winged hours break into distant song as I hasten along†. Music fills the fast passing hours of our lives, and offers a connection to, the void of infinity, history, memory.

Canned Tuna

As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods. The argument is based on consumer complaints of nausea and dizziness after consumption of canned tuna. But chemists have tested some samples of canned tuna and have reported that they are free from any chemical which can pose a health risk. In response to the complain of the customers, some eight million cans of tuna has been sent and tested by the chemists of Promofoods. The chemists reported that the canned tuna are free from the five out of the eight chemicals which can cause symptoms of dizziness and nausea. And the other three cannot be blamed because they are naturally found in all types of canned food. But the results of the test do not provide strong evidence to proof that the canned tuna is free from chemicals which can pose health risk. The chemists have reported that the three chemicals found in canned tuna are found in other canned food also. So, they are harmless. But we should remember that chemicals in contact with different substances behave differently. So, the three chemicals might become harmful when they come in contact with tuna. So, the chemists must have tested how these chemicals behave when they are present in canned tuna. Again, a substance might be harmless when it is present in small amount. But the same substance might be harmful when it is present in large amount. So, while testing the chemists should have determined the percentage of these chemicals in canned tuna. The test reports are being based on the tests done on the eight million samples but not on those which actually caused the customers to complain. The consumed cans should have been brought and tested in order to proof with stronger evidence the safety in consumption of canned tuna. Again, the chemists have concentrated only on the eight chemicals which can cause dizziness and nausea. But there are chemicals too which can cause these effects in the consumers. Therefore, the chemists should not totally ignore the presence of other chemicals. In short, we see that the tests conducted by Promofoods have failed to provide sufficiently strong evidence that can proof that the canned tuna was not responsible for causing dizziness and nausea among the consumers. It should have performed more detailed analysis of the consumed cans and reported the results with stronger evidence and precision.

What Would A World Without Religion Be Like Term Paper

What Would A World Without Religion Be Like - Term Paper Example Religion conjure a deep negative image such as cause of war, an excuse for intolerance, or a shelter for the emotionally weak, in some people while for others, it is the centre of their universe, the source of who and what they are, and the reason for their being. Be that as it may, religion is the greatest of human activities that has influenced cultures and shaped political events. Though there is no universally agreed upon definition of religion, it can be said to be the communal and transcendental quest for the truth about reality. It is this community and transcendence elements in religion that makes religion a most powerful force in human history. Empires have collapsed under the impulse of religion and empires have been founded on religion. But the question is: is the human activity worthwhile given that wars have been fought in the name of religion. How will our world be if religion is eliminated? Will empires still rise and fall? Will there still be wars? Or will peace elude our world? Does religion has a place in our world? Or was it just an invention by some persons to keep others busy? In this term paper, the question: how will our world be without religion will be answered. ... Indeed, religiosity of man is as old as human existence. Various scholars have tried to propose theories to explain the origin of religion. Among these theories include the animism theory of Edward Burnett Tylor and Herbert Spencer; the fetishism theory of John Lubbock; the hedonism theory of Max Muller and the naturalism theory of Wilhelm Mannhardt. According to the naturalism theory, religion started when man seek explanation of natural events. The lack of consensus among religion scholars on the origin of religion may be due to the diverse religion practices and beliefs humans have evolved throughout history. Be that as it may, it evident from archeological findings that religion is as old as man and is part of every human society. The approach to the question In trying to answer the question: how will our world be without religion?, First an examination of the positive and negative effects of religion will be carried out. Thereafter, a non-religious society exemplified by communi st societies in China and the collapsed Soviet Union will be compared with societies that tolerate religion. In this regard, we must distinguish between spirituality and religiosity. While religion incorporates the necessary element of community, spirituality does not. Spirituality is the personal quest for the truth about reality while religion is the communal quest for the truth about reality. This distinction is necessary because spiritually-minded persons need not be religious and could be found in non-religious societies. Religion: the good and the bad There is a powerful two-way relationship between society and the religion. Society exerts

Tuna Melt Sandwich Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tuna Melt Sandwich - Essay Example Another advantage of the Tune melt sandwich other than the ease, with which it can be made, is the fact that it is a low impact meal which is highly filling and that it can be made in 10 – 15 minutes. The instructions that one needs to follow in order to prepare the meal are quick and simple. Firstly a list of the things required should be made and the items assembled. Bread is the first of the ingredients. It can be the kind that the maker prefers however a healthy choice would be to pick whole grain bread. Another item that is important to prepare the sandwich is that of a non stick pan or a toaster oven. Non-stick spray and Butter or Margarine is also required. Tuna obviously is an important part of the recipe, can be bought fresh or canned in water. The last thing that Is needed to make the sandwich is Cheese. With the wide variety available any cheese of preference or taste can be picked. However some suggestions are to buy American, Cheddar or Swiss cheese. Once all the ingredients are in place the process for making the sandwich can be initiated. First you need to pick the kind of bread you want to use. Mostly white bread is a popular choice and it works perfectly however in case you want to cut down on your carbs and/ or are watching your weight there is always a healthy alternative to enjoy a tuna melt. Bread that is â€Å"enriched†, that is, has no fake nutrients or corn syrup added can be used. Usually these specifications are mentioned in the label which makes it easy to find whole grain bread. Not only does it digest better and not turn into fat easily it also tastes great. The next step would be to pick a cheese of your preference. American cheese, like Kraft, can be used or Cheddar, or perhaps even Swiss cheese. All of these work just as well. However the amount of cheese used can vary depending on how much cheese one prefers. A slice can be put on the top and one on the bottom. If you are watching your weight then a thin slice of c heese can be used. The next step requires preparing the Tuna. Canned Tuna in water can be used due to its better taste. To prepare the tuna it needs to be heated on a medium setting in a non stick pan on which some butter flavored spray is used. Depending on one’s preference chopped celery or some mayonnaise can be added to the Tuna. Some butter can be applied to the bread depending on one’s preference. In case a pan is used to make the tuna met each slice of bread can be buttered on one side or a 0 calorie spray can be used. Another thing that can be done is if you are using a toaster oven to make the sandwich butter can be applied to the bread and then toasted to avoid any additional calories that can be added due to the butter. Layering is the next step. Cheese piled on the bread with a generous helping of tuna followed by another layer of cheese and bread on top. The last step would be to placing it in the toaster. Place the sandwich on a pan, which can then be ins erted on the toaster oven and heated using a moderately medium or slightly high setting. After giving it a few minutes to cool your tuna melt sandwich is ready to be served. However it is important to note that another option exists. The tuna melt can be cooked in a pan. This can be done by pre-heating the non stick pan on medium heat. After which the sandwich is placed on a pan and flipped with a spatula after approximately 3

Turkish Airlines Current 4Ps Marketing Policies Essay

Turkish Airlines Current 4Ps Marketing Policies - Essay Example As of today, almost 51% of its shares are owned by the public, whereas, the remaining are retained by the government. Over the years the company has flourished to the extent that, in 2008 it was named as one of the fastest growing European carriers in terms of traffic and seating capacity (Turkish Airlines, 1996-2012). At a time when the global recession caused other European airlines to cut down their operations, Turkish Airlines managed to demonstrate steady growth in terms of its passenger traffic and seating capacity. The company has over 127 carriers in its fleet and flies to over 145 international and 41 local destinations (Turkish Airlines, 1996-2012). Istanbul is primarily considered to be its gateway to various Middle East destinations. The company’s overall business strategy revolves around expansion and development of its operations. As part of recognition for its strategic efforts, it has been labeled as a four-star airline (Skytrax, 1999-2011). The company, theref ore, is now eyeing the five-star segment and is enhancing the quality and service of its carriers in order to enhance customer experience. An essential part of its overall strategy, therefore, is inevitably the marketing strategy. Holistically, the company is aiming at creating greater brand awareness amongst its target market and to position itself differently from competitors in terms of reliability, safety and quality. The company is targeting the attainment of crucial values such as customer safety and quality service as well as providing value for money. Therefore, the focus of this airline is to provide low cost fares with unmatched quality of customer experience. The 4P’s for the company involve the Product (airline service), Price (fares), Promotion and Place (destinations in this case). As far as the product is concerned, the company has targeted its airline service to a wide range of segments. The company’s primary target market is the leisure customers who m ake up a vast chunk of its overall passengers. The secondary market is the corporate segment, comprising of business executives and corporate individuals. Such customers require corporate discounts (that are perhaps endowed to them by their organizations) since they travel is high volumes. Turkish Airlines has kept this trend in mind and has offered quantity discounts in markets where a large number of multinationals are located. There are several MNCs in Europe such as Shell, Delloit, Deutsche Bank etc that have high volume of business travelers. The company derives a major chunk of its revenues from the â€Å"leisure† segment, as opposed to the business segment. According to a research, 54% of the company’s market share is derived by â€Å"leisure† segment, whereas, 32% is derived from â€Å"corporate† segment. A common terminology used in aviation is that of the load factor which is described as the relation between the aircraft’s lift capabilit y to its weight. Turkish Airline’s load factor has declined over the years, from a rate of 71.5% to 71% (Centre for Aviation, 2010). The company is now taking steps to ensure that its load factor increases, especially during the peak summer period. An efficient load factor of approximately 77% is ideally looked upon as a healthy sign since it shows that the weight is being efficiently utilized through passenger traffic. A crucial aspect of Turkish Airline’s marketing policies has been a focus on Turkish tourism, of which Istanbul is a highly

Some people read these stories as literature. Some people read these Essay

Some people read these stories as literature. Some people read these stories as Jewish literature. Whats the difference - Essay Example In her book, Elisa Albert makes it clear that she is an aspiring writer writing on Jewish themes, which is how she described herself after being asked by agents (179). This instantly creates a picture of a Jewish-themed literature being read by the reader. Her later references to women attending shiva, which is a Jewish period of mourning, establishes her essentially Jewish subject matter of her books. Even Roth makes several references to Jewish concepts and terms which conjure up an image of a perceived Jewish novel (139). In the chapter, The Conversion of the Jews, the Jewish and the Christian contradictions in the status of Jesus is highlighted when Ozzie points out that Jesus was not God (Roth, 140). So, at several points in the two books, the readers are reminded of the Jewish essence in the themes. Albert particularly points out her identity as an aspiring writer that too, essentially a Jewish writer writing on Jewish American novels centering her attention at women. This demonstrates the inseparable nature of her Jewish literary identity with her writing career. The references to Judaism are plenty and it is evident that Albert considers her style of writing as essentially Jewish. However, apart from the Jewish theme, Roth does not talk about his writings as a Jewish author although his work reflects a marked tinge of Judaism. Albert talks about her debut novel to Roth highlighting its great ideas. Albert can be observed to be speaking with great enthusiasm about her debut novel which supposedly has great ideas but which ironically is still finding a home. It is amusing to see how Albert’s â€Å"great† novel has yet to be published (179). Also, her concept of â€Å"Great American Jewish Novel† ironically presents a satirical account of women in the light of Jewish traditional contexts. Although Albert would openly embrace the fact that she is a Jewish literature

Cash flow in business organizations (Accounting) Coursework

Cash flow in business organizations (Accounting) - Coursework Example Cash generated from operating activities informs a business owner how much the company or business generated from its primary business operations, rather than the outlying activities such as borrowing and investing. In a period, this section of the cash flow statement gives a clear picture of how the company’s business activities are generating cash that will benefit both the stakeholders and the shareholders. The cash flow from operating activities gives the amount of cash created and excludes expenses linked to long-term venture on capital items. Notably, the International Financial Reporting Standards delineate cash flow from operating activities as the revenue created from the business activities. Cash flow from operating activities obtained in a given period includes cash obtained from customers for the sale of goods or services, cash obtained from fees, commissions and royalties, and cash reimbursed against income taxes (Mittal, 2007: 146-151). Additionally, the cash flo w from operating activities also includes the cash obtained from the sale of futures and the sale of premiums in the case of an insurance company. On the other hand, the net profit from operating activities refers to the excess of the cash obtained from operating activities over the costs of operating activities. It is obtained after adjustments have been made to the cash from operating activities. It gives the financial position of the business and shows whether a company can cater for its operating expenses (Mittal, 2007: 154). The net profit from the operating activities is given by the difference between the cash from operating activities and expenses from the operating activities. Some of the expenses deducted from the cash generated include the accounts payable, cash payments to employees, cash payments to suppliers, rent, insurance, interest payable, and income tax expense. Additionally, non-cash expenses such as

Global Warming Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Warming - Article Example The same could be said of people living in arid areas who may face drought due to the severe rise in temperatures in these areas (EPA, 2013). The NCSE (2012) also points out that the society has changed negatively in regards to the effects of climate change. Comparing the modern society to the society in the 18th century one realizes the fact that global warming due to climate change has created a less desirable society. In an argument by Shaffer, Olsen & Pedersen (2009) with increasing human activity, the changes on the rise in temperature and precipitation will be faced from generation to generation. The authors further point out those extreme conditions may also be experienced with time (Shaffer, Olsen & Pedersen, 2009). Generally, the effects on society by global change have been experienced across the globe considering the lowering water levels, the melting of ice at the poles and risen water on coast lines. The society is faced with more severe problems if global warming is not contained (NCSE,

Speech Course Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech Course Reflection Paper - Essay Example Thus, rational speech gains instant approval and favor irrespective of the cultural diversity present in the audience. Meticulous development, planning and analysis of speech/communication are necessary steps to gain attention and trust of the listeners. Truth cannot be told in a simple straight forward manner and in a flat tone. It requires careful analysis of situation and audience. Moreover, meticulous selection of words is required to deliver the ‘right message’ to the intended audience. Blunt truths can damage personal reputation and can hinder the process of understanding on the part of listener. They tend to obstruct the speech of speaker and listeners act according to prejudged criteria (pessimistic perception). Once, I took a stance in a challenging situation and I was perceived antagonist instead of a person who stood by truth. Through, persuasiveness, special occasion speaking and informative speaking lessons I learnt that establishing a proactive stance is necessary to deliver intended purpose of one’s speech. Furthermore, defensive, judgmental, skeptical and aggressive tone conveys a wrong impression even if the person is stating true facts. Moreover, slanted and biased questions intricate the possibility of rationality at all and it is highly significant to keep the questions clear and concise, so one can establish good impression and gains immediate listening attention. Controversial truths or facts before delivery need to be concealed or mixed with many aspects like appreciation, acknowledgement and open-ended hypothesis for the audience in a neutral and pleasant tone. Hence, it is extremely necessary to avoid trite sentiments through subtle use of language and to initially analyze the type of audience one intends to communicate with. Ethnical specific agendas cannot be understood aptly in a diverse cultural audience. They are often misunderstood and give a

Managerial Economics Chapter 5 and 6 Homework Essay Example for Free

Managerial Economics Chapter 5 and 6 Homework Essay

My Journey to Being an Advocate of Reality and Existential Therapies Essay Example for Free

My Journey to Being an Advocate of Reality and Existential Therapies Essay Introduction For someone who has always seen himself as lesser superior than others; for someone whose confidence is always behind the scene; for someone who has never really seen himself any bigger than a green pea; for someone who has acquired numbers of rejection which, apparently, outnumbered number of acceptance from people around him; for someone who used to just exist – just exist – who would have thought it would come to this point? Review I cannot consider my life as an extraordinary this world had ever had. Each person has a story to tell and I must say mine is not really something different. While some people spend their lives with lots of colors around them, some just do not – and as much as I hate to admit, I spent many years of my life belonging to the second group. I go with flow and that has always been the case. It goes this way: I knew I need to attend school and so I did. I have to do well in school or else I will suffer from all the criticisms – the usual criticisms. It is never easy to live in other people’s expectations to the point that it is what they want that drives you. It is your body under their minds. I can now imagine how pathetic that was. All the while, though, I do not think I was as inspired as the rest of the class was. I did not make lots of friends from school. No big deal! But there were times when I also deal with thinking of the reasons for the ‘empty’ life. Those days would usually end with me getting no answer than ‘It must be me†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Although I acknowledge the fact that each of us has our own set of preferences and all the while, I lived in the thought that I just prefer to live my life like this – lonely, detached, alone. It was tiring when you care for no one and more when no one cares for you. This probably exhibits the self-centered approach known to men. My being careless about others exhibits my being self-centered while others being self-centered is signified by how I saw them treating me. I started my career as an advocate of science and technology. Yes, my first degree was within the realm of hard science. I used to get fascinated with breakthroughs science gets to offer – all those inventions and advances in technology. Awesome! Hale great! Breath-taking! Fantastic! All those praises†¦ Nothing can beat the feeling of having invented something out of nothing. Or the feeling of being the one to drastically improve the current state of something for the benefit of people around the globe it is always satisfying! Or so I was told. But who could tell it was not really a career of choice? I was one of those high school graduates who do not really know what they want to happen in their lives. And so, without any particular basis, it was Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering that I ended up with. Not a bad call anyway. I am aware of the good future this field has to offer. I have known of lots of people who have succeeded in this career and, yes, that is, somehow, something to look forward to. I, at least, had this driving force to continue with my study. Fair enough to push me to strive harder and harder. I just told myself I need it or else I will end up with nothing. Although I appeared to be so passive all the while, in my heart I know I long for something. That something, however, is unknown. I do not know if I am just one those people who experience wanting something they do not exactly know what or looking for something they do not know, for sure, if existent. Can you just imagine how if feels to be in the dark? Be somewhere without any clear direction? They say that every little thing just takes a little of getting used to. Oh, well, probably, as I seemed to have been used to the feeling of being lost. It was sad but true. At this point in my life, I can never consider this as self-centeredness as I cannot even put myself at the center of everything. Myself was put on dark – not in the center but in the darkness. Despite the lack of light in my life, I never questioned the existence of the Great Someone Up There. I perfectly know he is there. I do not recall how often I scream for His help. Maybe not that often but, of course, I do. I do and in my heart, I know I am not essentially alone all the while. However, there are moments when I tend to question the number and quantity of challenges facing me. There seems to be imbalance in load allocation. How come I am so lost while others follow certain direction? How come I do not know what I want in life while others are so certain of what they want in theirs? How come I do not seem to possess enough reason to be happy and complete. I often envy happy and satisfied people, I must admit – but I do not harm to them. I just envy them, that is it. And more often than not, I wish I were in their shoes. I even envy my own family members who seemed to find satisfaction in this life. Self-centered, I was, that time. In all the insecurities I have inside, there were times when I ask myself if this is something I caused. What is that something I failed to do? What is that something that I can probably change to make a difference? What could be missing? I have heard of success stories about people who started with nothing and ended up having the life they have always dreamed of. Can I not be one of them? My concern is never monetary. I did not wish for the whole world. I just want a piece of it – a piece of it where I can enjoy life to the fullest. I did not ask for extravagant things. What would a loner do with those? I doubt if anybody could really enjoy everything alone. I did not wish for fame. I have lived my life not having the attention of the whole world. I just want some compassion and feeling of belongingness. I did not wish for power as I have never ever seen myself mandating others or controlling the world. It could be that I long for power but that power is the power to appreciate and enjoy life, the power to make people see me as a sensible being worth the company, the power to contribute to the ‘real’ things in this world. In short, I was never a materialistic type. There are things I lack from within and that is something I longed for to fill in. Looking at these things now, it was all, I – I – I. I was so I-centered. Self-centeredness, however, can be seen positively or negatively. Realization should start from oneself. Otherwise, there is no way one can share himself to others. There is no way sharing yourself if you are now whole. In this way, self-centeredness can be seen as a first way in building or trying to build relationships with others. I used to have a, so to speak, very narrow view of things in life. I exist. I have to live. I have to survive. I used to find the question, â€Å"What am I here for?† or â€Å"Why do I exist?† as clichà © that should have been buried decades back. Come on! You are here because you are here and there is just nothing you can do about it! It is not a problem needing solution. It is just a situation that you have to live with. You are left with just two options – either you continue to exist or you end your own existence. Is that something needing some sort of profound thinking?! Life is as plain as that. You just have to go with the flow. I was never a person of confidence. I could not care less of what others might be thinking of me. Why would I? Could they care for me any better than that? I doubt†¦ I am just me. With or without me, the world would still revolve around the sun. With or without me, people from any part of the globe would still have 24 hours in a day. With or without me, things still go precisely the same way as they do when I am here. I am a nobody to ever have the notion I mean something – that I am myself and this person counts. This was when I began my resolve of finding more meaning and finding reality in a passionate and phenomenological way (Deurzen, Kenward, 2005). This turning point of shifting specializations was particularly critical in my advocacy of Reality Therapy. I have realized that while there are social norms and expectations that we all have to comply with in our roles, there should be no reason that should prevent me from pursuing my dreams. This is when I began to acknowledge and espouse Reality Therapy. I have realized that it would be such a waste to continue pursuing decisions that are against my choice; and whicha are driven merely by the desire to please others. I have also begun to look into how I can create a trusting environment for clients to be more receptive of techniques that espouse positive change in their lives (The Institute for Reality Therapy, 2007). From this turning point, I have become more strongly aware of the motives behind my actions. I was not after pleasing others with every action I took; rather, I started to evaluate things from the   perspective of logic and sense and improving my choices in the future (Miller, 1992). As I started to look back, where did it all start? Where and when did I ever acquire this feeling of inferiority and lack of self-worth? When did I start to â€Å"kill† myself? After some self-scrutiny, these questions led me to this answer the number of rejections I got from people around me. I was ignored for more than once, not just twice, far more than thrice, and to say it is four times is an understatement. It is never easy to be ignored. It is a feeling I would not want myself to dwell with – not anymore. As some people say, any attention is better than none. And indeed, any attention is better than the countless rejections my past gave me. Life has never been that kind to me. All those moments when I wanted to say something and no one seemed to be interested to even turn a head to look at who is talking; all those moments when my eyes could not speak more of what I feel inside and yet no one seemed to notice; all those moments when the only resort I can think of is to walk and walk and walk until my life ends; all those moments when all I wanted is to disappear from everybody’s sight; all those moments contributed to the me that I used to be. In which case, the concept of containment applied in me. It was during this time when I tend to control and keep all emotions to myself, given the assumption that no one will listen and no one will care. My life went on and on and on. I learned to care for myself and for myself alone as I do not want to meddle with any other people’s lives. Why would I? Is it not that for so long I am with myself and myself alone? Is it not that for so long, I could not seem to find anyone beside me? Who ever said, â€Å"No man is an island?† I used to be an island and that is something I can attest. Until this very day came – I happened to come across (accidentally or probably it is fate’s planned way) with this certain book entitled, â€Å"Teach Only Love†. I am not a bookworm, definitely. No, unless it is an Engineering, Mathematics, or Physics book. I cannot exactly recall what is in that book that made me read it through. It was not me that is for sure. Nonetheless, the next thing I know is I finished reading that book. This is not normal. This must be something. And, indeed, it was. Why? Because reading that book had been the key to discover the other self I have. Yes, and it surprised me much more than any reader of this essay could ever imagine. What about this â€Å"magical† book? Nothing special at first glance†¦ It is a simple, plain, ordinary book that discusses the importance of our every word and every deed. It emphasizes that what we are today is basically an aftermath of what we said and did yesterday. I then started to look back at my past once more – the past that does not possess any allure to be revisited if not for the purpose of wanting to see myself mourning for the nth time. After reading this book once, I must admit something in me felt a slight change in perspective. But I was in denial. It is just a book – a fantasy created by someone, a perspective shared to others hoping there will be people to buy the ideas. â€Å"Count me out†, I told myself. But this book seemed to have a magical and magnetic property that made me want to read it over again. And so I did. This time, I cannot seem to put myself in denial as I did the first time. And yes, it opened my eyes in more than just one way. How could this certain piece of something, non-living, non-speaking, can speak of the things I have never heard from anyone in my life? How could this piece of bound paper wake me up from the long sleep I have been? How could it be? These are the questions reining my head for days and days. I got tired of seeking for answers. And then came the answer – if that non-living thing happened to show the life out of me, I can do far better than that. If this thing that does not have a mouth spoke to me of million things, how better could someone with mouth do that? If this thing that does not have a hand touched me in a unique, special way that no one has ever done before, what more could my able hands do? If this thing without eyes saw me the way I have always wanted to be seen, how better could these bright eyes of mine see those who are in need of my attention? If this thing without ears heard me like I was never listened to before, what more could these ears of mine do to those people who need people to listen as they confess? If this thing without shoulder happened to offer me a cradle of comfort, what more could this broad shoulder of mine offer those who need some rest? And if this thing without a heart happened to feel me, how can my heart not feel what other people have to express? It is this moment when I finally decided to stop asking why but to start thanking God that for millions of wandering souls we have in this world, I was given the chance to come across this book that opened millions of wonderful and worthwhile possibilities. This book was also instrumental in developing my advocacy for Existential Therapy. I was then able to appreciate more my ‘humanness’, and I have begun to appreciate seeing things from a phenomenological point of view. This was a drastic shift from my previous career which dealt with things from a strongly empirical viewpoint (Existential Therapy.com, 2007). I am also more of a believer of Rogers, particularly of his teaching that people are innately good and evil is an external force that comes from culture and socialization (Rogers, 1982). And so the confession above justifies the need for me to shift my profession from the hard sciences to Counseling Psychology, specifically advocating Reality and Existential Therapies. These are far apart degrees and, yes, I did not see myself engaging in counseling. No, not even in my wildest dream. But this is not a dream. Yes, I am living in reality and the reality is that this is the vocation of choice. This is where I find myself, my heart. This is where I belong. It is true what the â€Å"magical† book says – that it is from your past where you draw your present. If not for the thousands of rejection, if not for the feeling of inferiority, if not for the lack of self confidence, I do not really think this book would have as much effect on me as it had. What is in counseling that truly entices me? It is not the feeling of recognition. It is not the money behind every consultation. It is not to make a living. It is to live and to let others appreciate how wonderful it is to live. Experience, indeed, is the best teacher. I know the feeling of being neglected. I experienced lots of it. And this leads me to wanting to help people feel important, feel needed, feel worthy. I know the feeling of losing self worth and so I love to boost people’s confidence in themselves. I love to see people seeing their value as a person and claiming it as theirs. I love to see people loving themselves. But going through all these things, all these aspirations for others required lots of self realization. I had to learn to love myself first. It is true that you cannot share something you do not possess in the first place. How can I share love and confidence when I do not have it myself? I started with loving myself unconditionally, being proud of myself like I have never achieved anything before, and looking myself at the mirror with the courage to say, â€Å"This is me and without me, the world will never be exactly the same again.† When I finally learned to appreciate my own self, that was the time I started to see others in the way they should be seen – no prejudgment, no bias, no unjust feeling. This is where I started to realize the positive side of seeing things from a phenomenological point of view. I took time to stabilize myself and when the time came, accidentally or planned, that I can tell myself I am whole, was the time I can start reaching out to others. Therapeutic relationship with others is where the essence of counseling relies. You have to build that kind of relationship to be able to counsel who are in need of help. When is it therapeutic? When you can ease others’ pain and when you can hear others’ grief without literally saying it. It is when your relationship with people tends to make those people feel relieved of their burden. It is the talent that no book can actually teach. The theories behind help, but the counselor’s approach to practice it can never be assured by the theories. Existential therapy entails understanding things from the point of the view of the client, expressing strong empathy, and having a profound realization of the goodness of human beings (Wilkes Milton, 2006). The person being counseled would want it done that way. Well, to start with, he seeks counseling to be paid with attention that he wants to get, to get the understanding that no one seems to give him. The counselor should be able to give that. The central purpose is to make the person being counseled feel healed of the burden. As I walk down the road, I wish my simple talk can speak of the things the lesser fortunate being would want to hear; my simple touch, I wish, could give them the comfort and shield they need; my simple smile, I pray, could bring them joy and hope that tomorrow is another day. There are, indeed, things no textbook can teach. There are things you can only learn as you get through it. I now know the answer to my questions and the answer is that I had to experience all those to experience what I am experiencing now. That may be the only acceptable answer and I do not really intend to search for more. Life is so simple if we only know how to really live it. Life happens but once. I might have spent many years of it in a not-so-wonderful way but it life does not lead back. It only moves forward. And so I should. No one should really wallow about the misfortunes in life, as there is no such thing. There are instances – some are happy while some are not. But those that are not are not really misfortunes if we are to scrutinize. Those are just God’s means to prepare us. He does not teach us how to see things. He can only provide us with tests that can help us see things the way He wants us to. Our God is never a spoon-feeding, pampering God. He is a just God who gives comprehensive examinations where we can learn great lessons if we only listen. The world is a very huge venue to learn. This life is a very comprehensive exam to pass. The beauty is when we learn to appreciate the class – when we go to it not because it is mandatory to go to it but because we love to. Conclusion If anybody would ask me now if I regret giving up my first degree to pursue counseling, I will answer, â€Å"The sad past led me to a wonderful today. Every bit of failure and pain did not really lead me to regretting anything because in each of those, I learned. And in each of those, I grew – not just as a person for myself but as a person for other people.† And now, I no longer find the question, â€Å"What do I live for?† mushy. I can tell, with chin up, I live for others to appreciate their lives. I do not just exist. I live. I continue to learn through others with high hopes and belief that they also learn from me. References Deurzen, E. van, Kenward, R. (2005). Dictionary of existential Psychotherapy and Counselling. London: Sage Publications. Existential Therapy.com. (2007). Humanistic psychology. Retrieved on April 5, 2007 from http://www.existential-therapy.com/HumanisticPsychotherapy.htm Miller, R. B. (Ed.). (1992). The restoration of dialogue: Readings in the philosophy of clinical psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Rogers, C. (1982). Reply to Rollo Mays Letter to Carl Rogers. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 22, 85-89. The Institute for Reality Therapy. (2007). Reality therapy. Retrieved on April 5, 2007 from http://www.realitytherapy.org.uk/ Wilkes, R. Milton, M. (2006). Being an existential therapist: An IPA study of existential therapists’ experiences. Existential Analysis, 3(5), 24-30.